Everything you need to know about the EU's most important cybersecurity regulation for products with digital elements
The Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) is an EU regulation that establishes mandatory cybersecurity requirements for all products with digital elements sold on the European market. This includes hardware and software products — from smart home devices and industrial controllers to standalone software applications. The regulation requires manufacturers to integrate cybersecurity throughout the entire product lifecycle, from design and development through to end-of-life. It also places specific obligations on importers and distributors to verify compliance. The CRA aims to reduce the growing number of vulnerabilities in connected products and ensure a consistent level of cybersecurity across the EU single market.
The Cyber Resilience Act officially entered into force after publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. The transition period begins.
Reporting obligations for actively exploited vulnerabilities and severe security incidents become mandatory. Manufacturers must report to ENISA within 24 hours.
Full compliance with all CRA requirements becomes mandatory. Products that do not meet the requirements can no longer be placed on the EU market.
The CRA applies to all economic operators involved in placing products with digital elements on the EU market. Each role in the supply chain has specific obligations designed to ensure end-to-end cybersecurity.
The CRA classifies products with digital elements into four categories, each with different conformity assessment requirements. The higher the risk classification, the stricter the assessment procedure.
The majority of products with digital elements fall into this category. These products can be self-assessed by the manufacturer through an internal conformity assessment based on the essential requirements set out in Annex I of the CRA.
Products with a higher cybersecurity risk, such as password managers, VPN software, network management systems, and smart home devices. These require either the application of a harmonised standard or a third-party assessment.
Higher-risk products including firewalls, intrusion detection systems, microprocessors with security features, and industrial automation systems. These require a mandatory third-party conformity assessment.
The highest risk category, covering products such as hardware security modules, smart cards, smartcard readers, and secure elements. These require European cybersecurity certification under the EU Cybersecurity Act framework.
Integrate cybersecurity into every stage of product design and development. Products must be delivered with secure default settings and minimize the attack surface.
Conduct a thorough cybersecurity risk assessment for each product. Identify potential threats, evaluate their impact and implement proportionate mitigation measures.
Affix the CE marking to products only after completing the appropriate conformity assessment procedure. The CE marking signals compliance with all applicable EU requirements.
Provide security updates for at least five years after placing the product on the market, or for the expected product lifetime if shorter. Updates must be free of charge.
Establish procedures for coordinated vulnerability disclosure. Actively exploited vulnerabilities must be reported to ENISA within 24 hours of discovery.
Prepare comprehensive technical documentation including the design, development process, risk assessment results and a complete Software Bill of Materials (SBOM).
Maximum fine
Full compliance deadline
Mandatory support period
Vulnerability reporting deadline
Our CRA specialists can assess your product portfolio and provide a clear roadmap to compliance. Start with a free, no-obligation CRA Check.